In her motion on behalf of Otto, Madison attorney
Tracey Wood contends Bollenbeck violated Wisconsin Supreme Court rules
by guaranteeing Otto would avoid prison on two counts of causing injury
by drunken driving, charged in 2001. Otto received three years in prison
and 17 years of extended supervision. Attorney Tracey Wood appeals. Otto
sentence reduced to probation.
drunk driving in wisconsin
faq's - frequently asked questions
OWI: Wisconsin's Operating While Intoxicated - Drunk Driving - Laws
your driver's license
Will I lose my driver's license? Can I wait until my court date to take actions?
If you wait until your court date to take action, it may
be too late. You could lose your license -- even before you go to court.
You must either demand an "administrative suspension hearing"
or a "refusal hearing," depending on whether or not you submitted
to a police blood or breath test, or refused to do so. Either way, the
time limit is ten (10) days. If you don't demand a hearing, you'll lose
your license, regardless of what happens in court. This isn't part of
the court case, so you can't wait until you go to court to take care of
it. You need to act promptly.
I received a Notice of Intent to Suspend form. What does this mean?
Call Van Wagner & Wood immediately! 608-284-1200
You received this form because you submitted to a breath
or blood test and the result was over the legal limit for blood alcohol
content (BAC over.08 for a first offense or.02 for a fourth or higher
offense).
You have ten business days, not including holidays or weekends,
from the Notice Data on that form to file an administrative review request
(the yellow form). If you hired Van Wagner & Wood within that ten
day period, they will complete the form for you and request an administrative
review hearing on your behalf with the Department of Motor Vehicles. The
Notice of Intent to Suspend form will serve as your temporary driving
permit for thirty (30) days from the date of the notice.
Please read the Notice of Intent to Suspend form for any
additional information.
At the end of that thirty (30) day period, your driving
privileges will be suspended if:
(a) an administrative review request was not filed timely,
or
(b) the administrative review hearing was lost (meaning
that the suspension of your license was upheld).
At that point, you may be eligible for an occupational license
(see Occupational License).
I received a Notice of Intent to Revoke form. What does this mean?
Call Van Wagner & Wood immediately! 608-284-1200
You received this form because you are alleged to have refused
the breath or blood test and you have an additional refusal
charge with your OWI charge.
You have ten business days from the Notice Date on that
form to file a demand for refusal hearing. If you hired Van Wagner &
Wood within that ten day period, they will submit a Demand for Refusal
to the court. The Notice of Intent to Revoke form will serve as your temporary
driving receipt for thirty (30) days from the Notice Date.
Please read that form for additional information.
Provided that you hired Van Wagner & Wood within the
ten day period, your operating privileges will not be revoked while your
OWI case is pending. The court will schedule your case for a refusal hearing
where the court will determine if your refusal to submit to the breath
or blood test was proper. The outcome of that refusal hearing will determine
if your driving privileges will be revoked.
If you are convicted of the refusal, there is a mandatory
minimum one year revocation of your operating privileges.
What about my CDL (Commercial Driver's License)?
Because Wisconsin, like all states, permits only one driver's
license to be issued to a person, a drunk driving conviction will always
result in suspension or revocation of the person's commercial driver's
license, or "CDL." A "CDL" is not a separate driver's
license. It is actually an 'endorsement' conferring additional privileges
to operate commercial vehicles requiring specific qualifications. It is
an endorsement, however, based on issuance of a regular driver's license
and, consequently, conviction of an offense requiring suspension or revocation
of the driver's license always means that the "CDL" is revoked
or suspended. This is true even if the person was not operating a commercial
vehicle or 'as a CDL' at the time of the violation.
For those who are subject to federal regulation, a drunk
driving conviction will be considered a "major" violation and,
thereby, can result in legal disqualification under applicable federal
rules.
Insurance carriers often have their own rules governing
employment of drivers with drunk driving convictions. Though each insurance
company makes its own rules, trucking companies who haul interstate frequently
are unwilling to hire or retain drivers with a drunk driving conviction
because their insurance carriers will not allow them to do so. Companies
who only haul inside Wisconsin generally are not subject to such strict
insurance requirements.
There are also specific drunk driving offenses that focus
on those who operate a commercial motor vehicle after having consumed
alcohol. Operating a commercial motor vehicle with an alcohol concentration
of 0.04 or more is illegal in Wisconsin. A driver who tests at or above
that level will receive an immediate 24 hour out of service order, in
addition to the citation for violating the 0.04 prohibited alcohol concentration
law.
What will happen at the Administrative Hearing?
At the Administrative Review hearing only the issues listed
on the letter from the Department of Transportation (DOT) giving notice
of the hearing will be heard.
If you hired Van Wagner & Wood, they will receive that
letter giving notice of the hearing and they will provide you with a copy
of it along with the police reports.
Van Wagner & Woods attorney will meet with a hearing
examiner from the Department of Transportation to determine if your operating
privileges will be suspended during the time of the court proceedings.
Van Wagner & Wood will then be notified of the results
of that hearing by mail usually within one (1) day after the hearing occurs.
If you won at that hearing, your operating privileges will
not be suspended during the court proceedings.
If you lost at that hearing, your operating privileges will
be suspended thirty days after the Notice Date on the Notice of Intent
to Suspend and Van Wagner & Wood will send you a letter with detailed
information on how to get an occupational license.
Please note that the results of the administrative review
hearing do not affect the outcome of your case in court.
Can I get an Occupational License? How?
Probably. But you may have to wait awhile first. Wisconsin
allows an immediate occupational license after a first offense conviction.
But there is a waiting period, which can be from 30 to 90 days, in other
circumstances. Also, you cannot get an occupational license if you've
already lost your license for some other reason in the preceding 365 days.
Lastly, you'll have to file proof of insurance with the motor vehicle
department to qualify for an occupational license. This is normally done
by getting an SR-22 from your insurance agent, and is likely to lead your
insurance carrier to raise your rates and, possibly, reduce your coverage.
Driving under an occupational license is limited. Generally, you may drive
for work purposes or for "homemaking," but you are limited to
not more than 12 hours in a single day and 60 hours in the total week,
according to a schedule that is maintained in the DOT files.
An occupational license may be obtained through the Department
of Transportation if your driving privileges have been suspended, provided
you were valid to drive before you were charged with OWI. Before going
to the DOT, you must obtain SR-22 Insurance.
You may not obtain an occupational license before your suspension
date begins.
If your driving privileges were administratively suspended,
Van Wagner & Wood will send you a letter with detailed information
about SR-22 insurance and obtaining an occupational license.
Please note that there may be other factors with respect
to your drivers record history that may prohibit you from obtaining
an occupational license. For example, the Department of Transportation
prohibits a person with two or more suspensions or revocations within
a 12-month period from obtaining an occupational license.
When will the OWI conviction be removed from my driving record?
In Wisconsin, a drunk driving conviction is a permanent
part of your driving record. Since 1998, Wisconsin has counted all lifetime
drunk driving convictions, even those before 1998, in calculating whether
a drunk driving arrest should be prosecuted as a third or greater offense.
So, unlike other violations, a drunk driving conviction is never purged
from your Wisconsin driver record unless it is a first OWI conviction and you have no other OWI convictions.
Hiring an attorney in a drunk driving case on oWI charges
Should I hire an attorney?
In Wisconsin, as with most states, OWI laws are strictly
enforced. Although you are not required to have an attorney, it is a very
good idea to retain one if you have been arrested or charged with an OWI.
If you have seriously injured or killed another person, there should be
no questions as to 'whether', the question is 'when'. By immediately hiring
a very experienced drunk driving attorney, such as Attorney Tracey Wood,
your charges may well be greatly reduced or even eliminated.
While there may be some arguments that you can make in your
defense, or mistakes that were made by the police, your chance of successfully
making those arguments or finding those mistakes is much greater if you
have an attorney assisting you sooner, rather than later. Invoke your
right to remain silent, and ask to speak to an attorney. If you are facing
an OWI charge, an attorney may be your only hope. Call us 24 hours a day
at 608-284-1200 or email attorneys@vanwagnerandwood.com for a free and confidential
initial consultation
When should I hire an attorney?
Immediately! By immediately hiring a very experienced drunk
driving attorney, such as Attorney Tracey Wood, your charges may well
be greatly reduced or even eliminated.
While there may be some arguments that you can make in your
defense, or mistakes that were made by the police, your chance of successfully
making those arguments or finding those mistakes is much greater if you
have an attorney assisting you sooner, rather than later. Invoke your
right to remain silent, and ask to speak to an attorney. If you are facing
an OWI charge, an attorney may be your only hope. Call us 24 hours a day
at 608-284-1200 or email attorneys@vanwagnerandwood.com for a free and confidential
initial consultation.
How long do I have before I hire an attorney?
It is vitally important to contact attorneys@vanwagnerandwood.com
immediately after receiving a citation for an OWI if you depend upon or
are concerned about protecting your future driving privileges.
I hired Van Wagner & Wood after the 10 day deadline. Now what?
Depending upon how long you waited to hire Van Wagner &
Wood past the ten (10) day deadline, it may still be possible for your
attorney to file an administrative review request or a demand for refusal
hearing. While the deadline date may sometimes be extended after your
attorney files a motion, if the Department of Transportation notes that
the administrative review request was not filed within the ten (10) day
limit, your operating privileges will be suspended thirty (30) days after
the notice date on the Notice of Intent to Suspend. If the court notes
that the refusal demand was not filed within the ten (10) day limit, your
operating privileges will be revoked thirty (30) days after the notice
date on the Notice of Intent to Revoke.
Please note that it is vitally important to contact attorneys@vanwagnerwood.com
immediately after receiving a citation for an OWI if you depend upon or
are concerned about protecting your future driving privileges.
When do I meet with my attorney at Van Wagner & Wood?
The attorneys of Van Wagner & Wood, S.C. provide an
initial free consultation to evaluate the merits of your case and provide
you with an honest straightforward opinion of the expected outcome. When
your case is pending, there are several steps in the proceedings during
which you need do nothing and until the pretrial conference nothing more
than your statements are available to your attorney. During the process
of your case moving through the system, your attorney is working on another
case, in court, traveling to court, or unavailable because of time needed
to prepare for an upcoming court case. It is because of these times that
the attorneys at Van Wagner & Wood have taken the care and time to
carefully train their support staff to be able to answer your general
questions. The attorneys also encourage you to provide their staff with
a list of your questions and any other information that you may need to
communicate to your attorney so that when your attorney speaks with the
staff your information is immediately available, answered, and communicated
back to you by your attorney or your attorneys assistant. Van Wagner
& Woods staff has been with them for many years and can be relied
upon to convey your information precisely and confidentially.
Whenever a decision must be made relating to your case an
in person or telephone meeting will be requested with you and your attorney.
If you need additional information, please be sure to inform Van Wagner
& Woods support staff immediately so that they may arrange for
an in person or telephone meeting during the attorneys first calendar
opening.
The attorneys at Van Wagner & Wood always recommend
that you write down any questions or information that you may have and
send the notes to their office or call them with the information or questions
so that your attorney is informed of the information and able to review
it as soon as he or she is available.
When do I get the police reports?
If you hired Van Wagner & Wood and if your case will
have an administrative review hearing, the Department of Transportation
will send your attorney a copy of your police reports along with the notice
of that hearing. At the pretrial conference, your attorney will usually
receive the complete discovery on your case, including police reports
and any supplemental information. Prior to this date, your attorney does
not have access to the police reports. Depending on the county or municipality
in which you were charged, the prosecutor may send your attorney the discovery
before or after the pretrial conference.
Do I need to see a drug or alcohol counselor?
Seeing a counselor for an assessment of any potential alcohol
or drug related problem that may exist is always a good idea and may help
you if such a problem does exist. From the standpoint of your case and
depending upon your entire situation, your voluntary participation in
a treatment program may cause or influence the court to lessen your sentence,
particularly if you are receiving treatment or have completed treatment
goals. If you would like to look into or begin treatment, Van Wagner &
Woods staff or your attorney can provide you with a list of approved
treatment facilities in the Dane County area or help you find a reputable
facility in another county.
Please note that if you are convicted of OWI, the court
will order you to complete an assessment at the time of your sentencing.
If you decide to voluntarily pursue treatment or see an
alcohol or drug counselor or choose to see a therapist or other social
counselor or are already in a treatment program, please ask the counselor
for a Consent to Release Information form, sign it, and ask
your counselor to send your attorney a letter on your behalf that describes
your treatment program and prognosis.
Initial Court Appearance
When in my initial courtroom appearance date? And do I need to go to the initial court appearance?
Your initial court appearance date is the court date that is
referenced on your citation. Unless someone from Van Wagner & Woods
office tells you otherwise, you will not need to appear at the Initial
Appearance hearing. At the Initial Appearance hearing, your attorney will
enter a not guilty plea on your behalf.
Unless your attorney or someone from Van Wagner & Wood's
office tells you others, you will not need to appear at the Initial Appearance
hearing.
What will happen at the Initial Appearance?
At the Initial Appearance hearing, your attorney will enter
a not guilty plea on your behalf.
You are not required to be present at your Initial Appearance
unless your attorney tells you otherwise.
If this case is your first OWI, it is a civil matter and
you will not hear from your attorney directly after the hearing, but soon
after the Initial Appearance hearing the court will set your case for
a pretrial conference and you will receive a letter from the office of
Van Wagner & Wood notifying you of that date. That letter will be
mailed to you as soon as Van Wagner & Wood is notified of the date.
If this case is your second OWI or above, it is a criminal
matter. For criminal OWI cases, the court will provide your attorney with
a criminal complaint and a Bail / Bond conditions of release form at the
Initial Appearance hearing. Van Wagner & Woods office will send
you a letter with copies of everything received at the Initial Appearance
hearing and more details regarding your case.
How can I plead "not guilty" if I am guilty?
By saying "not guilty" when the judge asks for
your plea. It's your right. A "not guilty" plea in court simply
means you're not going to admit anything, and that it's up to the prosecution
to prove it' case -- if it can -- by legally obtained and legally admissible
evidence.
There's nothing dishonest about pleading not guilty, even
if you think you might be guilty. In the American system of justice, it's
your right.
Can I be charged with an OWI for taking my prescription medication?
Yes. If you operate a car under the influence of drugs
such as heroin, cocaine, marijuana, or any other illegal substance you
can be charged with a crime. As well, legal drugs can get you into trouble.
Many prescription medications and some over-the-counter medications carry
with them specific warnings that they may impair a persons abilities
and should not be used while operating any dangerous equipment, including
motor vehicles. Check the labels on all medications carefully.
Pretrial Conference
What will happen at the Pretrial Conference?
At the pretrial conference your attorney will meet with
the prosecutor from the Office of the District Attorney. (That prosecuting
attorney is not necessarily the same prosecutor assigned to your case).
It is not necessary for you to appear in person at the pretrial conference
unless your attorney tells you otherwise. Your attorney will usually receive
the discovery materials during that meeting along with an initial offer
in your case. It also will not be necessary or useful for you to meet
with your attorney before the pretrial conference because it is at that
conference that your attorney will first receive the discovery materials
on your case.
After the pretrial conference, Van Wagner & Woods
office will send you a letter explaining the initial offer received and
provide you with a copy of the discovery materials, if those were received
at that meeting. Please keep in mind that an initial offer is not set
in stone.
Winning A Drunk Driving Case - Beating the OWI Charges
Why "flunking" the test doesn't mean you can't win the case
That a person 'flunked' a blood or breath test doesn't
mean the person will be convicted of drunk driving. Many drunk driving
cases turn on whether the police had legal cause to stop, detain or test
the driver. If the police act without legal cause, the evidence they obtain
cannot be used in court. No evidence means no conviction. Whether police
acted properly a legal issue. Having a lawyer who is skilled in defending
drunk driving cases is the best way to identify and exploit these defenses.
Never assume a police officer's actions are legal merely because a police
officer did them. There's a reason that being certified as a police officer
takes only weeks, but earning a law degree takes years.
Did I do the right thing when I took the test?
Maybe. There is no simple answer to this question. By submitting
to a test, you avoid the risk of a license revocation for refusal, but
you risk an administrative license suspension if you "fail"
the test. Also, submitting means that the police get evidence of your
alcohol concentration. But the results of the test many not matter if
the police didn't have legal grounds to stop or arrest you, or violated
your rights in the testing process.
The real question isn't whether you should have taken the
test. The important thing is to take advantage of the defenses which that
choice creates. Be sure, as well, to request an administrative review
hearing within ten days after you get the "Notice of Intent to Suspend/Temporary
Operator's License.
I took a breath test at the scene. Can they use it against me?
No. Wisconsin statute 343.303 prohibits use of so-called
"preliminary breath test" results at the trial in a drunk driving
case.
So-called "preliminary breath test" devices can,
however, be used in court before trial, in very limited circumstances.
The results of a "PBT" can be used when challenging an arrest
as illegal, or in contesting a refusal proceeding. In such circumstances,
either the prosecution or the defense can produce "PBT" evidence.
The "PBT," however, must be one of the two specific models approved
for use in Wisconsin under the Wisconsin Administrative Code, Trans. 311.
WHY YOUR TEST RESULTS DON'T MEAN WHAT THEY SAY
The blood alcohol "curve" -- WHEN you drink can
be as important as HOW MUCH you drink
The law prohibits being intoxicated at the time that you're
driving, not some time later when you're finally tested. A test result
obtained an hour or more after you were stopped may not accurately reflect
the alcohol in your system at the time you were driving.
Alcohol is absorbed and eliminated from the body over time.
The rate at which alcohol is absorbed and eliminated is sometimes referred
to as the "blood alcohol curve."
The rate of absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream is
not particularly predictable, and can depend on a number of factors. Though
many people believe that most alcohol is absorbed within an hour after
consuming the last drink, that's not always true. Scientific research
conducted on so-called "fasting subjects," meaning people who
haven't eaten in a long time and have no food in their stomachs, shows
that the highest alcohol concentration in a person's blood may not occur
until hours after the end of drinking. Moreover, the peak isn't predictable.
A "fasting subject" in one scientific study did not reach his
peak alcohol level until 183 minutes after the last drink -- more than
three hours.
Moreover, as soon as alcohol enters the blood, the liver
begins eliminating it. So, even as a person is drinking alcohol, he is
eliminating it from his system. Unlike the rate of alcohol absorption,
the rate of alcohol elimination is predictable. The rate varies from.013
to.018. with.015 normally used in calculating so-called "burn off"
rates. This can mean that a person who has consumed a substantial volume
of alcohol over several hours time duration may have a rather low alcohol
concentration.
What you drink and what you weigh also matter
The more you weigh, the more blood you have in your body,
and the lower the concentration of alcohol will be after consuming a set
quantity of alcohol.
In this setting at least, bigger is better
What you drink can also make a difference. Though many agencies
publish charts that equate an ounce of whiskey with a 12 ounce beer because
they contain the same amount of alcohol (including the DOT charts in the
thumbnails above), they won't necessarily be absorbed in the same time
duration, or lead to the same alcohol concentration. Generally, beer absorbs
at about half the rate as hard liquor. In other words, for the same amount
of alcohol in whiskey and beer, it may be expected that the alcohol peak
of the person drinking whiskey will be twice that of the beer drinker,
in half the time.
These scientific facts can be the basis of a defense to
drunk driving charges, because even a test above the "legal limit"
may not mean that you were above it when you were driving.
For example, a test done within a half hour after drinking
may give a high test result because the person is still absorbing alcohol
and had a lower alcohol concentration earlier. That may be true, as well,
even when the test is two hours or more after drinking.
Gender also matters. A woman will have a higher alcohol
concentration than a man of the same weight, assuming identical consumption.
Proportionally, women have a greater percentage of their body weight in
fatty tissue. Because there are few blood vessels in fat, women have less
blood in their bodies than men of the same weight. Less blood means a
higher alcohol concentration for the same consumption. That's why calculations
concerning alcohol concentrations must always start with the subject's
gender.
In training its Breathalyzer and Intoxilyzer operators in
years past, Wisconsin's Department of Transportation has employed charts
that illustrate the absorption and elimination of alcohol over time according
to the gender and body weight of the individual. You can see and use those
charts -- they're at our "Curve" Defenses page in this website.
WHY FIELD SOBRIETY TESTS ARE BOGUS
The myth of field sobriety tests
"Field Sobriety Tests" aren't tests and they
don't measure sobriety. These tests are designed for failure.
All people are inherently imbalanced when standing on one
leg or walking heel-to-toe. That's why you have two legs, attached side-by-side.
The only creature that normally stands on but one leg is a flamingo. Police
officers practice in their training how to do this task, so that they
don't fall down when demonstrating it.
Police still use the "finger to nose test" --
even though it was discredited by the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration over fifteen years ago. NHTSA established that no one --
sober or intoxicated -- can reliably do that test. Police officers learn
as part of their "standardized field sobriety test" training
that the test isn't reliable. Yet police still routinely employ this bogus
"test." They do it precisely because no one can pass it.
Don't feel bad if you didn't do well on the police "field
sobriety tests." They were designed to assure that you couldn't.
BAC stands for blood alcohol content. A blood
alcohol content (BAC) or blood alcohol level (BAL) is a measure of how
much ethanol is in your system. The ethanol level in your blood is a by-product
of the broken down alcohol that you consumed. BAC and BAL are measured
in a scientific manner that calculates the ratio of ethanol to blood within
your system. Therefore, if you have a BAC of.15, that really means that
you have.15 grams of ethanol per 100 millimeters of blood in your system.
In most jurisdictions, if your BAC or BAL is above 0.08, and you are operating
a car or other vehicle (including some dangerous machinery), you have
broken the law.
If your BAC or BAL is below 0.08, that does not mean that
you are necessarily capable of operating a car. Every person's ability
to tolerate alcohol is different. You may still be charged with an OWI
if your BAC or BAL is under 0.08 if you have exhibited other signs that
you are unable to safely operate a car.
How is my BAC calculated?
BAC and BAL are measured in a scientific manner that calculates
the ratio of ethanol to blood within your system.
PENALTIES & OTHER CONSEQUENCES
Do my past drunk driving convictions count?
Many lawyers miss this one.
Under Wisconsin law, if you have past drunk driving convictions
or refusal revocations, you're probably subject to higher penalties for
a new drunk driving. But, even though you may fall into one of these categories,
these penalties may not apply to you if the court didn't follow proper
procedures in the past case.
The statutes state that a second drunk driving within ten
years of a first drunk driving or refusal revocation, counted from dates
of violation, is a second offense. Third offenses count all past drunk
driving and refusal revocations in your lifetime, though DOT records generally
don't go back past January 1, 1988, and convictions before that date actually
are not counted. Convictions and refusal revocations from other states
also count.
But, if your past conviction or convictions resulted from
a guilty or no contest plea and that past conviction resulted in your
going to jail, then the court which accepted that plea was required to
follow specified procedures to assure that the plea was a knowing and
voluntary waiver of your right to a jury trial, privilege against self
incrimination and, if you didn't have a lawyer, your right to counsel.
If those procedures were not followed -- and many judges have taken short-cuts
in plea proceedings because they were trying to do them quickly -- then
the plea is probably Constitutionally invalid. If so, it may not be counted
as a prior offense in determining the grade of the present case, i.e.,
second, third, etc.
In Wisconsin, there is a "step-up" method for
handling multiple OWI convictions for the same person; however, it does
matter where you were previously convicted. (Click here to read Attorney
Tracey Woods article regarding her Challenge of Prior Drunk Driving
OWI Convictions in another state).
Wisconsin Drunk Driving Law prohibits and defines it as
an illegal activity in Wisconsin for a driver over the age of 21, with
no OWI (Operating While Intoxicated) convictions to operate a motor vehicle,
with a Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of 0.08 or greater, while under
the influence of an intoxicant, or while under the influence of a controlled
substance or any other drug. According to Wisconsin Drunk Driving Law,
a driver is "under the influence" when his or her ability to
operate a motor vehicle is impaired.
OWI number 1: On a first OWI conviction there may be a fine
ranging between $150-$300, plus $355 surcharge with a suspension or revocation
of your driving privileges ranging between 6-9 months; however, an occupational
license can usually be availed immediately or your driving privileges
may be retained while charges are pending provided a request for a hearing
is filed within 10 days of the date of the violation and you prevail at
that hearing.
As the number of OWI conviction increases, the penalties
accordingly increase, having a fine ranging between $600 - $10,000, with
$355 surcharge and a possible jail term ranging between 6 months to 6
years.
OWI-DUI-DWI charges can be much more severe if the person
is found and proved guilty of causing injury, causing great bodily harm,
or vehicular homicide. Those fines can reach up to $100,000 and a possible
jail term of 25 years. Additionally, these more severe actions may also
result in civil lawsuits. For drivers with three previous OWI convictions,
the limit is lower: they are not allowed to operate a motor vehicle if
their blood alcohol content is greater than 0.02.
Challenging invalid prior convictions is an essential component
of proper defense of a third or subsequent offense drunk driving case.
Nonetheless, it is a defense which is frequently overlooked. If you are
charged with a third or greater offense drunk driving, it is important
that you select an attorney who is familiar with the grounds for Constitutional
challenges to past convictions.
Past convictions may be challenged in a new case without
reopening the old one.
Because first offense cases are not considered criminal,
the validity of past convictions normally is an issue only in third and
greater offense cases, i.e., only when a challenged past conviction was
itself criminal.
Will I go to jail? If so, for how long?
Jail is a mandatory penalty for all drunk driving convictions
except the first one. There is no jail penalty in a first offense case.
For all other drunk driving convictions, there is a minimum amount of
jail time which must be served. The amount of the jail time which you
are facing will depend on how many times you've had a conviction for drunk
driving in the past, your alcohol concentration, and whether you refused
a blood or breath test. The more past convictions, the higher the jail
time: a minimum of five days for a second offense, 30 days for a third
offense, 60 days for a fourth offense. Fifth and subsequent offenses are
felonies and you can be sent to prison, if convicted. Additionally, if
there was a child under age 16 in the vehicle at the time of the offense,
the minimum and maximum penalties double.
You will probably go to jail for more than the minimum. All counties use a sentencing
guideline system that equates the length of the jail sentence to the alcohol
concentration revealed by testing, or to the fact of a refusal to submit
to testing. Generally, these guidelines require longer sentences for higher
alcohol concentrations and for refusing. There is a considerable variation
in the severity of these sentencing guidelines among counties, though
the scheme in Milwaukee County is generally regarded as the most harsh.
Other factors that may be considered include whether there was an accident
or other bad driving and, in some counties, whether there has been affirmative
involvement in alcohol dependency treatment.
What are the other penalties?
You can lose your driver's license. You can lose your car.
You can be ordered to alcohol treatment. You can be fined a lot of money.
For a first offense drunk driving conviction, you'll lose
your license for 6 to 9 months and pay a money penalty of at least $650.00.
In second offense cases, the fines are larger, often over
$1,000.00. Third offense cases carry even larger fines, and the State
can decide that it wants to keep your car. By the fourth offense, under
present law, the State is required to seize your car. A fifth offense
is a felony, so there is a serious risk of going to prison, for up to
two years.
Anyone convicted of drunk driving or a test refusal is always
required to submit to an alcohol assessment, and to comply with whatever
"Driver Safety Plan," i.e., Group Dynamics or alcohol treatment,
in or out-patient, is recommended by the assessing agency. These services
must be paid by the convicted driver.
In addition, depending on the number of prior offenses,
the driver may be required to have an ignition interlock installed on
his or her vehicle, or may be required to immobilize the vehicle by having
it booted. In third and subsequent offense cases, a judge may order a
vehicle owned by the driver and used to commit the drunk driving offense
seized by the Sheriff, and ultimately forfeited to the State. (That, however,
requires a separate lawsuit.)
The statutes allow judges to impose various forms of community
service in drunk driving cases, but this authority is seldom exercised.
Will my insurance go up if I'm convicted?
Yes. How much will depend on your insurance carrier. A
bigger problem than rates, however, may be coverage. Often, insurance
companies after a drunk driving conviction refuse to write liability policy
limits that are more than $ 50,000 in coverage. This can leave your assets
and family unprotected against a lawsuit if there is later a claim. A
$ 50,000 liability limits policy can be used up in a week's hospitalization
and treatment. So, the real impact of a drunk driving conviction may be
to put your family's financial security at risk.
Is this a felony?
A first offense drunk driving case is classified as a "civil
forfeiture." It is not a crime because it does not carry a possible
jail sentence. Usually, second, third, and fourth offense violations are
criminal misdemeanor offenses. Fifth offense violations are felonies.
However, if a passenger in the vehicle was under age 16, maximum penalties
double. This means any third or fourth offense drunk driving where a passenger
is under age 16 will be felony offense.
Can they take my car?
Wisconsin law allows a judge to order a vehicle to be seized
for forfeiture whenever its owner is convicted of a third or subsequent
offense drunk driving violation. In a case taken to the Wisconsin Supreme
Court, the scope of the law was limited to allow only a vehicle both owned
by the driver and used by the driver to commit a drunk driving offense,
3rd or greater, to be forfeited. Forfeiture, moreover, requires a separate
lawsuit be filed, after conviction of the drunk driving charge itself.
So, if there's no conviction, there can't be a vehicle forfeiture. In
1999, the statute was amended to make this an explicit restriction in
the law.
The legislation signed by the Governor in 1999 also made
other changes to the forfeiture statute. Under the old law, forfeiture
was mandatory if there were a conviction for a fourth or greater offense
drunk driving or PAC (or refusal) case. These mandatory forfeitures have
now been eliminated, though any vehicle owned by a person convicted of
a third or greater offense drunk driving violation is still subject to
forfeiture if it was used to commit the offense. It's just that it's optional,
in the discretion of the judge and prosecutor, rather tan being required.
This means that prosecutors can decide to seek forfeiture of an expensive
car, but ignore a junker.
If a vehicle is forfeited, any money owed to the bank or
other secured party must be first paid out of the proceeds realized by
the Sheriff's selling the car. As a practical matter, this means that
many vehicles cannot be forfeited, because the price at a sale wouldn't
exceed the outstanding loan balance. Also, leased vehicles cannot be forfeited,
because they're not owned by the driver. Similarly, a vehicle owned by
an employer or third party, such as a rental car, cannot be forfeited.
As mentioned already, whenever a judge orders a vehicle
seized for forfeiture, the statutes require the district attorney bring
a separate lawsuit to accomplish forfeiture. Forfeiture cannot be ordered
directly in the drunk driving case itself.
Why did I get TWO tickets?
You received one ticket for drunk driving: "operating
a motor vehicle while under the influence of an intoxicant." The
second ticket was for having a "prohibited alcohol concentration,"
which means that you got a ticket for testing above the legal limit. Even
though you got two tickets, the penalties for each are the same and, by
law, there can be only one set of penalties imposed, regardless of whether
you're convicted of one or both tickets.
Can they take my driver's license even before I go to court?
They can try. You received from the police a "Notice
of Intent to Suspend," if you submitted to a police breath or blood
test, or a "Notice of Intent to Revoke," if you refused one.
(Often, police officers tell people these documents are a "temporary
driver's license," which only describes part of their function.)
Either way, if you don't demand a hearing by filing the correct demand
paper in the correct place and do it within ten days after you get that
notice, you can lose your license -- even if you plead not guilty in court.
The administrative suspension and refusal revocation provisions of Wisconsin
law operate independently of the drunk driving prosecution. So, pleading
not guilty isn't a substitute for demanding the hearing within ten days.
You need to do both: demand the hearing and plead not guilty.
Wisconsin's foremost authority on drunk driving laws, Attorney
Tracey Wood, consults with lawyers and law firms throughout the United States
to help them build successful strategies for very complex cases. In Wisconsin,
Attorney Wood most frequently represents people charged in the following areas:
Madison (Dane County), Richland Center (Richland County), La Crosse (La Crosse
County), Jefferson (Jefferson County), Wisconsin Dells (Columbia County and
Sauk County), Stevens Point (Portage County), Dodgeville and Mineral Point (Iowa
County), Portage (Columbia County) and Montello (Marquette County).